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Government in Peru
República del Perú (Spanish)
Republic of Peru |
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Flag |
Coat of arms |
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Capital
(and largest city) |
Lima
12°2.6′S 77°1.7′W / -12.0433, -77.0283 |
| Official languages |
Spanish  Quechua, Aymara  and other indigenous languages are co-official in the areas where they are predominant. |
| Demonym |
Peruvian |
| Government |
Presidential republic |
| - |
President |
Alan GarcÃa |
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Vice President |
Luis Giampietri |
| - |
Prime Minister |
Javier Velásquez |
| - |
President of Congress |
Luis Alva |
| Independence |
from Spain |
| - |
Declared |
July 28, 1821 |
| - |
Recognized |
December 9, 1824 |
| Area |
| - |
Total |
1,285,220 km² (20th)
496,222 sq mi |
| - |
Water (%) |
8.80 |
| Population |
| - |
2007 census |
28,220,764 |
| - |
Density |
22/km² (193rd)
57/sq mi |
| GDP (PPP) |
2007 estimate |
| - |
Total |
$207.985 billion (51st) |
| - |
Per capita |
$7,410 (79th) |
| GDP (nominal) |
2007 estimate |
| - |
Total |
$101.504 billion (55th) |
| - |
Per capita |
$3,616 (87th) |
| Gini (2002) |
54.6 (high) |
| HDI (2005) |
0.773 (medium) (87th) |
| Currency |
Nuevo Sol (PEN) |
| Time zone |
PET (UTC-5) |
| Internet TLD |
.pe |
| Calling code |
+51 |
The government of Peru, as established by the 1993 Constitution, is a presidential representative democratic republic.
Contents
- Legislative branch
- Executive branch
- Judicial branch
- Suffrage
- Local governments
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Legislative branch
Congress (congresistas) consists of 120 members, who are elected for five year periods in office on a proportional representation basis. To be eligible, candidates must be Peruvian citizens, have passed their 25th birthday, and not have had their right to vote suspended.
Executive branch
The President of Peru, officially the President of the Republic ( Presidente de la República), is the chief of state of Peru and represents the republic in official international matters. The presidential term is five years; incumbents cannot be re-elected for a second consecutive term. The current president is Alan Garcia, elected in 2006.
Judicial branch
The Judicial branch is headed by the Supreme Court of the Republic that has jurisdiction over the whole nation. The second hierarchic level is made up of the Superior Courts which have jurisdiction over an entire Judicial District which are more or less synonymous to the 25 Regions or Departments of Peru. There are 28 Judicial Districts. The third hierarchic level is formed by the Courts of First Instance (trial court), which have jurisdiction over each province. The fourth and lowest hierarchic level of the Peruvian Judicial Power, are the Courts of Peace who only have jurisdiction over a single district.
Suffrage
Voting is obligatory in Peru. The election process is held by the National Jury of Elections and the National Office of Electoral Processes.
Local Governments
Regional Governments of Peru
Regional Governments, in the Government of Peru, is a government organization which organizes, conducts, and manages, each one of the twenty-five regions of Peru. It has political, economic, and administrative autonomy in the subjects of its matter.
Contents
- Structure
- Regional Council
- Regional Presidency
- Election
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Structure
Regional Governments of Peru are composed of two sections.
Regional Council
It is the normative and supervises the regional government. It is made up of the Regional President, Regional Vice-President, and Council Members representing each province, with a minimum of 7, and a maximum of 25.
Regional Presidency
The Regional Presidency is the executive organ of the Regional Government. The president is elected by direct suffrage in conjunction with a Regional Vice-President for a period of four years. In addition, it is made up of Regional Management which is coordinated and directed by a General Manager.
Election
The election of the members of the Regional Council, including the President and Vice-President, is held by direct suffrage for a period of four years. Their offices are unresignable but are revokeable.
Municipalities of Peru
Municipalities, in Peru, are the government organizations that govern the provinces and districts of that country.
Contents
- Classification
- Structure
- Election of authorities
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Classification
According to the Base law of Municipalities, these entities are classified in to Provincial Municipalities and District Municipalities. The provincial municipalities also have functions pertaining to the provincial seat which is the capital district. Rural municipalities (those whose seat has an urban population less than 50% the total) receive different classification.
Structure
They are composed of two entities, the council and the mayor. The council, made up of the mayor and elected officials, is normative and. The mayor's office however, is the executive power.
Election of authorities
The election of the mayor and council is held by universal suffrage for a period of three years. The number of council members is defined by the National Jury of Elections according to Laws of Municipal Elections.
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